Property rights can be acquired by a subject of law in the following cases:
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Manufacturing. A subject of law can manufacture an object of property (thing, item) by their own efforts from materials and components that belong to them.
Theoretically, the case of using partially or completely ownerless raw materials or materials for manufacturing can be considered.
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Using existing property. An object of property can be obtained as a result of using already existing property at the disposal of the owner. For example,
growing a crop on one's land (or getting a calf, for example), manufacturing a product on one's equipment (printing a book), receiving dividends (income
from already existing financial assets).
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Acquisition of property by transaction. An object of property can be acquired in the manner provided by law. This can be a purchase and sale transaction,
exchange, donation, and so on.
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Inheritance and succession. An object of property can be acquired as a result of inheritance or succession. That is, to receive an object of property as
a result of inheritance by the general legal consequences of the death of a close relative, as a result of the announcement of a will (family ties will not matter).
Legal succession can arise as a result of a wide range of legal actions. For example, the merger of legal entities, acquisition, etc.
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By the right of finding an ownerless thing. Property rights can arise by the right of the first person who found an ownerless thing. This also includes finding
a treasure, forgotten things, and things for which it is impossible to establish ownership later.
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By the right of prescription. This is a special legal regime that strongly depends on the legislation of a particular country. In some legal systems, property
rights can be acquired through prescription, where long-term, uninterrupted, and uncontested use of property can lead to legal ownership. In this case,
property rights can be obtained, for example, by a bona fide user of the property if, after a certain period, it turns out that it is impossible to establish the
original owner of the property.
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Privatization. Property rights can be acquired as a result of the privatization of state or municipal property. This is the process of transferring property from
state or municipal ownership to private ownership.
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Restitution. Property rights can be restored as a result of restitution, that is, the return of property to the legal owner if it was illegally seized or lost.
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Confiscation. Property rights can be acquired by the state as a result of the confiscation of property from a person who committed a crime or administrative
offense.
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Donation and will. Property rights can be transferred to another person as a result of donation or will. Donation is the gratuitous transfer of property, and
a will is the disposition of property in the event of death.
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Court decision. Property rights can be recognized for a subject of law based on a court decision. For example, in the case of a dispute over property rights,
the court can make a decision in favor of one of the parties.
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Adverse Possession. In some jurisdictions, property rights can be acquired through adverse possession, where a person who openly and continuously
occupies land for a certain period, without the permission of the original owner, can claim legal ownership.
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Eminent Domain. The government can acquire private property for public use through eminent domain, provided that the owner is given just compensation.
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Abandonment. Property rights can be acquired if the original owner intentionally relinquishes all rights to the property without transferring those rights to
another person.
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Accession. Property rights can be acquired through accession, where the owner of the principal property becomes the owner of additional property that is
naturally or artificially attached to it.